In a diode valve the cathode temperature must be ( φ φ = work function)
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A diode valve operates on the principle of thermionic emission. The cathode must be maintained at a high temperature so that the thermal energy imparted to electrons allows them to easily overcome the metal's surface barrier. Additionally, the material should have a low work function 
, meaning the minimum amount of energy required to remove an electron is small, making the emission process highly efficient.
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